What is coronary bypass surgery?

Discover simple and relevant facts for patients about this cardiac surgery.

1/22/20242 min read

Coronary bypass surgery is a surgical procedure used to treat coronary artery disease, which involves the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. During this surgery, a new alternative route is created, "skipping", "bridging", or "bypassing" the obstructions in the coronary arteries, allowing normal blood flow to be restored to the heart.

Coronary bypass is performed when the coronary arteries have narrowed due to the buildup of plaque, a substance composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This plaque buildup is a consequence of cardiovascular risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, smoking, among others.

The main goal of coronary bypass surgery is to restore adequate blood flow to the heart, thereby relieving symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath, as well as increasing survival. During surgery, a blood vessel is taken from another part of the body, such as the leg (a vein) or the chest (the internal mammary artery), and used to create the bypass over the arterial obstruction.

After surgery, it is normal for the patient to remain in the intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 48 to 72 hours for close monitoring. During this time, vital signs will be monitored, pain medications will be administered, and tests will be performed to assess heart function.

In the immediate postoperative period, the patient may experience chest pain, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms are normal and typically improve over time. The cardiologist will prescribe medications to relieve pain and prevent blood clot formation.

It is important for the patient to follow the doctor's instructions regarding physical activity, diet, and wound care. It is recommended to avoid strenuous activities during the first few weeks after surgery and to follow a healthy, balanced diet to promote healing and prevent plaque buildup in the arteries.

Overall, coronary bypass surgery is a safe and effective procedure for treating coronary artery disease. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are risks and potential complications, such as infections, excessive bleeding, or arrhythmias. It is important for the patient to discuss these risks with their doctor before undergoing surgery.

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