🧑 I'm under 40 and I have high blood pressure. Why?

The causes of high blood pressure differ between youth and adulthood (typically over 50 years old). In our consultations, we often see young people with undiagnosed hypertension, which represents a missed opportunity to improve the quality and quantity of life ahead for the patient. Why? Primarily because treating correctly and early is essential to prevent damage to the heart 💔, kidneys 💦, and brain 🧠; and because hypertension in young individuals may be due to so-called secondary causes. In other words, the blood pressure responds to a disease present in another organ and originates from it. Diagnosing this secondary condition is a priority to understand what's happening and potentially "cure" the hypertension. How does that work? By effectively treating the cause and the pressure being a reaction to it, the pressure can return to normal values. A typical example of this is the case of hypothyroidism. By treating with thyroid hormones (levothyroxine - T4), the gland begins to function properly again, and the effects that raised the pressure disappear, consequently normalizing the pressure shortly thereafter.

💡 The most frequent causes of secondary hypertension are:
- Renal artery stenosis (fibromuscular dysplasia).
- Kidney diseases (polycystic kidneys, glomerulopathies, etc.).
- Hypothyroidism.
- Primary hyperaldosteronism.
- Cushing's syndrome.
- Pheochromocytoma.
- Aortic coarctation.
- Obesity.
- Sleep apnea.
- Medications.

It's important to consult your cardiologist for a detailed clinical evaluation 🩺 (this is the key to diagnosis), along with a 12-lead electrocardiogram, a blood test with the determinations necessary to rule out the aforementioned conditions, and an ultrasound with Doppler of the renal arteries. All this information forms part of the necessary basic data to indicate appropriate treatment 💊.

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