⚗️ ApoB: The analysis you've never been asked for.

Apolipoproteins are the structural proteins of lipoproteins. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is part of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), among others, and its concentration reflects the level of atherogenic or atherosclerosis-producing lipoproteins, meaning they obstruct the arteries in your body.

Measuring ApoB is important because unlike measuring total cholesterol or LDL, which only indicate the amount of cholesterol present, ApoB evaluates the quantity of particles carrying cholesterol. ApoB also holds significant prognostic value, as elevated levels of this protein are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Therefore, measuring ApoB can help identify patients at higher risk of developing these diseases and take appropriate preventive measures. In other words, ApoB plays a causal role and explains better than LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) the etiological relationship with the disease, has greater discriminatory ability than lipids, family aggregation, and is also a better parameter for treatment management in the presence of LDL-C <70 mg/dL, moderate hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes.

It is important to note that measuring ApoB does not replace measuring total cholesterol or LDL, but rather complements this information. Therefore, it is advisable to perform a complete lipid profile that includes the measurement of ApoB, along with total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides.

ApoB measurement does not require fasting and has less error than non-HDL cholesterol calculation. What is non-HDL? It is a simple way to determine in a clinical setting all atherogenic particles, similar to what ApoB does, by subtracting HDL from total cholesterol (total cholesterol - HDL).

The various methods of measuring cholesterol allow us to estimate the cardiovascular risk of a patient by integrating it with other known risk factors. For this purpose, a professional cardiological evaluation is important to outline a long-term prevention plan.

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